All About Mutual Funds, Kya Hai Mutual Funds, Kaise aata hai returns

Savings bahut zaroori hota hai, chahe 10 saal me family me kisi ki shadi karani ho, ya fir vacation me jana ho, ya fir koi ghar lena ho aur uska downpayment karna ho, in sab ke liye sahi time pe savings karke rakhna bahut zaroori hai. Modern times me savings ka sabse accha aur safe tareeka hai Systematic INvestment Plan yaani SIP. Iska matlab hai har mahina thoda bachake rakhna, lekin kaha? Mutual Funds sahi hai aisa hookline advertisement me dekha hi hoga aapne. Aaj main bataunga ki Mutual FUnds sahi me hai kya, NAV kya hai, payment mode kya hai aur kaise choose kare apne liye sahi mutual funds. Lekin usse pehle blog ko subscribe kijiye like, share aur post pe comment karna bhuliyega nahi.

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Mutual Funds Kya hain?

Shares ka matlab hai aap kisi company ka ek hissa khareed rahe hain aur apko voting rights milte hain. Usi tareeke se Mutual Fund me aap kisi company ke asset ka ek hissa khareed ho, lekin voting rights nahi honge aapke paas. Aisa kyun? Kyun ki isko ek financial derivative product kaha jaa sakta hai. Derivative matlab -Shares ek type ka financial instrument hai, kuch shares ko ek saath jod kar, ek basket banake jab use becha jaata hai to usko Mutual Funds keh sakte hain. Is basket me Bonds bhi hote hain.

 

Ab shares ke saath main farak ye ho gaya ki jaha stock market me aap sirf kuch company me paise laga sakte hain, waha Mutual Funds me aap ek saath 100 company pe paisa laga sakte hain. Matlab share market se risk kam, fir kyun baar baar advertisements me kaha jaata hai ki Mutual Funds are subject to market risks?

 

Shares ka price intraday, market hours pe fluctuate hota hai. Waha Mutual funds ka price din me ek baar market band hone ke baad fix hota hai. Mutual funds ke pricing ko NAVPS yaani Net Asset Value Per Share ke unit me maapa jaata hai.

NAVPS calculate kiya jaata hai total asset value ko basket me jitne bhi shares hai, unse divide karke.

 

Equity investing ke saath Mutual Fund ka doosra bada difference hai diversified investment. Matlab AMC ya Fund Manager ke paas apna team of analysts and compliance manager yaani ek Attorney hota hai. AMC inke advise ke hisaab se chun kar 100 companies select karta hai, jinke saal ka overall performance jitna accha hota hai, utna accha returns Mutual Funds deta hai. Ye kaam aap akele share market me invest karke nahi kar payenge, kyun ki iske liye working capital aur SEBI ka approval bhi chahiye. Isi kaam ko karte hain approved fund manager jaise Nippon, HDFC, etc. Aapko return me milta hai ek safe and secure basket jisme har ek acche stock pe aapka paisa invest kiya jaata hai, kyun ki agar koi ek company ne bura perform kiya to fir, doosre ke performance se wo manage ho jaata hai.

 

Ek example le sakte hai NIFTY 50 ka. Jaha par pichle 20 saal me average returns hai 13%, minimum returns hai 6.5%, ye amount koi bhi bank ke FD rates se ya fir regular investment rate se kaafi zyada hai. Aur isse bhi zyada, NIFTY 50 me pichle 20 saalon me kabhi bhi negative results kisi bhi funds ko nahi diye hain.

 

Mutual Fund companies kaise function karti hai?

Jab aap Apple ka share khareed te hain, tab aap apple company me ek hissa khareed te hain. Apple ka business hai Tech and Telecom. Isi tareeke se jab aap HDFC AMC ka koi fund khareedte hain to aap HDFC ke business ka hissa bante hain, aur unke asset ko khareedte hain. Fund manager ka kaam company ke CEO jaisa hi hai, jo legally bound hai apne investors ke profits ko maximize karne ke liye. Just like any other company.

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Mutual Funds ka payout kaise hota hai?

Mutual funds ke payouts ke kuch tareeke hain.

 

1. Stocks pe dividend aur Bonds pe interest yield hota hai, wo paisa accumulate hota hai fund basket me aur usko company apne investors ko payout karti hai distribution ke zariye.
2. Agar fund manager ke portfolio me koi shares ka price chadhta hai aur wo use sell karte hain to fir unko capital gains hota hai jo wo distribute karte hain apne investors ko.
3. Agar badhe hue prices ke shares ko aapka fund manager nahi bechta hai, to fir aap apne mutual fund ke shares ko profit le against bech sakte hain.

 

Different types of Mutual Funds

Mutual Funds alag alag tareeke ke hote hain.

1. Equity Mutual Funds: Ye wo mutual funds hai jo equity market me apna investment portfolio rakhte hain. Inke portfolio me rakhe hue investment options ke market cap ke upar aur ek classification hota hai jaise Midcap, Small cap ya Large Cap funds. Market risk ke upar base karke aur ek classification hota hai jaise Aggressive growth, Income Growth, value Oriented and etc. National And International securities ke upar based classification bhi kiya jaata hai.
2. Fixed Income Funds: Ye wo bonds hai jo ek fixed rate of returns dete hain, ye primarily bonds pe invest karte hain. Agar Stable rate wala government bonds hua to stable income aata hai, lekin  high value Junk bonds pe interest rate fluctuate hone ke chances bahut zyada rehte hain.
3. Index Funds: Ye special kind of funds hai jisme analysts ki zaroorat kam hoti hai, isliye resaech pe kam kharcha karna padta hai aur Fund managers ke paas zyada margin rehta hai. Ye koi index jaise S&P500, NIFTY 50, Dow JOnes INdustrial Average jaise indexes pe invest karte hai, ye cost effective hai aur expensive bhi hai, aur iska success depend karta hai ki index outperform karega ya nahin.
4. Balanced Funds: Ye ek hybrid fund hai jisme equity, money market, bonds in sab ko milakar ek khichdi banayi jaati hai. Ye khichdi ya to stable percentage of allocation ka hota hai, yaani fixed percentage of investments in different instruments, ya fir dynamic allocation, jo investors ke profit ke liye market conditions ke upar base karke kiya jaata hai.
5. Money Market Funds: Ye bahut hi safe risk free, short term debt instrument hai, jo Government Treasury bills ke upar kiya jaata hai. Yaha typical bank ke savings account jitna returns milta hai, aur principle amount safe rehta hai.
6. International /Global Funds: ye ek aisa fund hai jo international equities and companies and government bonds ke upar invest karta hai. Iska risk factor depend karta hai jis desh ke securities me fund ne invest kiya hai, uske politocal and economical situation ke upar. Lekin isme categorically risk kam bhi ho sakta hai kyun ki diversification zyada hota hai. Normally koi aisa desh ka economy jo aapke desh ke economy ko out perform karde, waha ke securities aise funds ke investment ke liye best option hota hai.
7. ETF yani Exchange Traded Funds: Ye ek bahut hi popular version of Mutual Fund hai jo directly exchange me trade kiya jaa sakta hai. Trading day ke kisi bhi time par aap isko khareed ya bech sakte hain exchange se. Ye bahut zyada popular ho raha hia aur iske baare me alag se aapko ek video me bataunga main.

 

Mutual Funds ke baare me ek aur post me launga doston, jaha par uunke fees, Advantages, Mutual Funds ke shares aur India me abhi top performing mutual funds across different segments ko hum discuss karenge. Uske liye Blog ko subscribe kijiye.