IPO Kya hai? Complete Explanation

 

IPO Kya hai

Initial Public Offering - sabse pehli baar kisne offer kiya tha pata hai aapko? Dutch East India company ne apne investors ko bola tha ke unko company me hissedari milegi, badleme unko paisa lagana padega. British East India company ne bhi same tareeke se India me apna colony establish karne ke liye IPO yaani company ke shares offer kiye the. Warna us time pe, Britain se India tak ka naval distance cover karna, trade chalana, unke bas ki baat nahi thi. Yahan se IPO word aaya hai, aur aaj ye Financial Investors ke liye ek bahut bada weapon hai. Kyun? Haal hi ke Nureca IPO ke listing me 64% tak ka profit mila hai investors ko. Lekin kya hai IPO? Kaise invest kare IPO me? Aur Kya IPO me invest karna safe hai? Ye sab sawaalon ka jawab aapko aaj milega mere is post me. Lekin uske liyepost ke end tak bane rahiye, Blog ko subscribe kijiye aur post ko share and like kijiye.

IPO kya hai?

Koi bhi business, chota, medium ya bada, jab apne company ke partnership ko, yaani shares ko public domain me laati hai, aur public ko company ke shares offer karti hai, us desh ke regiestered exchange ke zariye, tab us process ko Initial Public Offerring kaha Jaata hain. IPO laane se pehle company ko kuch pre-work karna padhta hai.

1.     Marketing Phase

2.     Offering Phase

 

Marketing Phase

IPO laane se pehle IPO ko handle karne waale Bookbuilders ke team chune jaate hain. Alag alag financial investment and securities wali companies iske liye company ke paas apna presentation leke jaate hain. Company choose karti hai inme se best fit, unke requirement ke hisaab se. Fir prepare kiya jaata hai Draft Red Herring Prospectus (DRHP). DRHP ek aisa marketing document hai, jisme company ke saare details, financial and operational, public ke saame laya jaata hai. Lekin koi bhi company me sab theek kabhi nahi hota hai, yahi par financial advisories waale companies ka role hota hai. Wo saare details ko is tareeke se public ke saamne laati hai taaki jo negative points hai, wo bhi kahin se neutral dikhe. DRHP ko SEBI ke paas present kiya jaata hai. SEBI ke approval ke baad company isko public domain me laati hai.

 

Offering phase

DRHP public ke saamne aane se pehe, bookbuilding team decide karti hai ki issue price band kya hoga, minimum lot size kya hoga, issue kitne din chalega, aur kitna paisa raise karna hai, kitne shares public ko offer karna hai. Ye saare details ke saath, company ke pichle 5 saalon ke financial records, management records bhi public ke saamne aata hai.Tab jaake retail and High Net worth Individual investors decide kar paate hai ki company me paisa lagana chahiye ya nahin. Waise agar SEBI ne kisi company ko IPO laane ka permission diya hai to uska matlab ye hota hai ki regulatory board ne uske finanials ko check kiya hoga thoroughly. Isiliye IPO me investment hamesha se hi lucrative raha hain.

 

IPO ke Advantages and Disadvantages

Private company me aap agar retail investors ko jagah de rahe hain, agar naya board of directors ban raha hai, to iske bahut sare advantages and disadvantages hain

1.     Public company ke saare financials har quarter e update hote hain aur public ke saamne aate hain. Iska ek alag cost rehta hain, yaani increase in operational cost

2.     Legal team and compliance team ko bhi alag se rakhna padhta hai.

3.     Company ke decisions freely nahi liye jaa sakte, board of directors ke voting ke baad hi decisions approve hote hai, yaani agar kuch problem aaya to fir usko deal karne ke liye turnaround time bhi lamba hota hai, aur problem bhi bada hone ke chances rehte hain

4.     Agar IPO me public and retail investors ne interest nahi dikhaya, to fir ye ek embarrasing situation hota ain company ke liye, yaani public ko is company me koi interest tha hi nahin.

 

Advantages

1.     IPO ke zariye capital raise karna ek low cost mechanism and safe process hain

2.     Ekbar IPO laane ke baad future me money raise karna and follow up offerrings laana bhi easy hota hai, kyun ki company listed rehti hain

3.     Listed company ka overall respect bhi zyada hota hai, yaani better visibility and saleability.

4.     Listed company apne financials results and decisions ke baare me transparent rehti hai. Yaani investors informed decision le sakte hain unke data ke hisaab se.

 

Halaki, listed companies apne data ko public rakhne ke wajah se, unke competitors ke liye asaan hota hai unke business model ko copy karna, lekin ek tareeke se dekha jaye to IPO, as a finnacial instrument, ek bahut hi accha aur faydemand tool hai. India me 2020 and 2021 me laaye gaye IPOs me bahut lamai diya hai investors ko.

 

Allotment Process

IPO ke issue date pe retail investors alag alag broking agencies ke through apply karte hain. Issue date ke over hone ke baad company allotment deti hai jo registrar ke website se pata chlata hai. Aaj kal, brokers ke app ya websites ke zariye, UPI mandate raise kiya jaata hai. Yaani IPO me apply karne ke liye UPI ID hona bahut zaroori hain. UPImandate ko approval dene ke baad, agar alottment hota hai, to hi aapka paisa deduct hota hai, warna mandate release kar diya jaata hain. Ye baat ouri luck ke upar dependant hai, jiska naseeb accha, usko milta hai. Alottment milne ke baad, log listing ka wait karte hain. Agar bahut zyada logo ne apply kiya to fir demand badhta hai, GreyMarket Premium bhi badhta hai, aur listing gain milne ke chances bhi zyada hote hain. Normally listing gain depend karta hain

1.     Issue ke time par economy, market ka aur us business ke overall image par

2.     Public ke sentiment ke upr

 

To aapko bhi agar IPO me apply karke apna kismat aazmana hai to fir bahut saare  IPOs aane waale hai  2021 me, intezaar kijiye aane waale IPOs pe mere post ka.